PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.